Paolo Amoroso's Journal

Ten years ago today my astronaut friend Samantha Cristoforetti began her first space flight. On November 23, 2014 she was launched aboard the Soyuz TMA-15M spacecraft for a mission to the International Space Station.

I had the privilege of helping Samantha with a public outreach project to share this adventure.

Shortly after the announcement of her mission in early July of 2013, Samantha decided on a way to tell the experience as it happened and engage the public. She wrote the Logbook, a diary to document the last 500 days of the mission training and her stay on the ISS. From July 19, 2013 to September 10, 2015 Samantha posted to Google+ more or less daily entries from the ground and in space. These long form entries in English reported on her training and life aborad the ISS and often attached some photos.

Since the beginning I provided the official Italian translation of the Logbook published on AstronautiNEWS, the news site of the space outreach organization I'm a member of.

The Italian news outlets and media that covered the mission soon began quoting or referencing my translations to inform the public of Samantha's home country. ESA later republished the translations to Avamposto42, the official website of the mission. Other space enthusiasts eventually translated the English entries into French, Spanish, German, and Russian.

Contributing to the project was an adventure for me too.

My daily routine involved waiting for Samantha to post to Google+, translating, and publishing a new entry to AstronautiNEWS as soon as possible for dissemination to the press and public. Translating rocket science terms was mostly easy, the hard part was conveying words and expressions from domains unfamiliar to me such as physical exercise and equipment.

The Logbook is a unique resource. It's the most extensive series of candid written thoughts on preparing for and carrying out a space flight, published as the events unfolded. As far as I know the L-0 entry, posted less than a day from launch, is the only written account of the thoughts and emotions of an astronaut published just hours from launch.

Google+ was shut down in 2019 but the Logbook is not lost.

Carlo Gandolfi archived the text and photos of all the original Google+ posts and published the Logbook as a free ebook. Another free ebook collects my Italian translation of the Logbook.

#space

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The end of the work on WebCard marked the completion of my RetroChallenge 2024 project, in time as hoped.

I accomplished the initial goal of extending NoteCards to visit websites. This is my Linux desktop after traversing a NoteCards link to a Web card which opened the associated URL in Firefox:

As the RetroChallenge encourages to do I learned a lot, shared my experience, and had lots of fun with retro stuff.

WebCard is not my first NoteCards project but helped me explore other features of the system, particularly the definition of new types of cards. Most of the work on WebCard involved researching the NoteCards API and writing code.

Once I understood the relevant API calls, implementing the planned features took relatively little code. NoteCards comes with an extensive, well designed and documented API that enables to add a lot of functionality by mostly plugging into the public hooks.

The NoteCards manual has nearly all the information I needed. However, to understand some features or subtle points of the API I had to study some of the NoteCards code, particularly the source that defines the File card type because of the similarities with what WebCard does. Some throwaway code and experimentation with the interactive Lisp environment plugged the last information gaps.

The project generated a flow of material for my blog and Mastodon profile. I posted frequent short updates on Mastodon and longer reports on the blog. This drained time and focus too.

The main takeaway of the project is that Medley Interlisp is a rich toolbox with which new programs can be developed by combining other programs as building blocks. NoteCards itself builds upon the TEdit text editor, the Sketch line drawaing program, the File Browser, and other tools.

As my first RetroChallenge I was lucky to complete the project. I set a goal reasonably achievable in one month but the actual work faced some unexpected detours that didn't impact the deadline.

What else to say? Mission accomplished.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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To complete WebCard for my RetroChallenge 2024 project I created a demo notefile, a file that stores the data of a NoteCards hypertext.

The notefile WCDEMO.NOTEFILE contains exmples of Web cards filed into various types of containers and cards such as fileboxes and Text cards. It provides some ready made Web cards for exploring WebCard.

This screenshot shows the main cards of the demo notefile:

The link icons with the globe bitmap at the left of the outlined text are links to Web cards. Clicking such a link in NoteCards opens the associated URL in a web browser, which is the main feature of WebCard.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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With the last feature of WebCard behind me I proceeded with the next task to wrap up my RetroChallenge 2024 project: documenting the system.

Since WebCard enhances NoteCards with only a few simple but significant features a full manual would be overkill. So I added to the README file of the project repo some new sections on the requirements and dependencies, the installation, and the usage of WebCard.

The documentation assumes familiarity with NoteCards and Medley Interlisp, large systems in themselves, and describes only what WebCard adds to NoteCards. It explains how to create and manage Web cards and traverse links to them.

In addition the README file now has a screenshot that shows a website opened by WebCard in NoteCards.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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NoteCards link icons leading to cards of a certain type can and typically do have a custom bitmap associated with the type.

WebCard cards of type Web initially inherited the bitmap of the parent type Text, a stylized NoteCards blank card frame. To visually differentiate links to Web cards I added a new bitmap, here open in the bitmap editor of Medley Interlisp:

The bitmap at its actual size of 21x18 pixels is near the top left corner of the window. It represents a blank card frame with at the center a globe crossed by meridians and parallels, a common symbol of web links.

Aside from some misunderstandings on defining Interlisp bitmaps, adding a bitmap to WebCard was easy.

Once designed and defined the bitmap itself I passed it as the value of the LinkIconAttachedBitMap property along wiht the other arguments of NCP.CreateCardType, the NoteCards API function that defines new card types.

The hard part was coming up with a suitable bitmap, which kept me busy on and off for a couple of weeks.

As an artistically clueless geek my original plan was to pick a public domain icon, scale it to the required size, and import it in Medley Interlisp. Although this Lisp environment predates most modern image file formats, Andrew Sengul wrote a Lisp tool that can convert from PBM to the native Interlisp bitmap format.

I soon found a nice globe icon. Then I was unwillingly thrown into a rabbit hole of NetPBM, Gimp, and ImageMagick tools and options, struggling to produce the right format Andrew's tool could process.

I learned the hard way that if an image contains only black and white pixels, and no other colors, it's unnecessarily difficult to obtain a black and white, 1-bit depth file. Most tools save to 8-bit grayscale despite claiming to do 1-bit black and white.

When I finally imported the rescaled, converted PNG into Medley I realized it was an unlegible tiny blob.

Link icon bitmaps have a size of 21x18 pixels and, aside from the stylized card that makes up the frame of the bitmap, the usable area is only a dozen pixels across. In desperation I fired up the Medley Interlisp bitmap editor and designed the bitmap myself from scratch. It took just a few minutes and was unexpectedly easy.

I'm pleased with the result, but stunned at how long such a seemingly simple task dragged me.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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Over the past days I ran WebCard a bit, reviewed the code, and checked my notes and I'm satisfied with what the system does. Since WebCard is nearly feature complete it's a good time to chart the next steps for wrapping up my RetroChallenge 2024 project.

Aside from some tweaks or cleanups, the only other code to write will set a bitmap for the link icon of Web cards. This is useful to further visually distinguish them from other types of cards such as Text.

WebCard also needs some documentation. I'll expand the README file to explain how to install and use WebCard. A demo notefile with examples of Web cards in a NoteCards hypertext is also useful to show what WebCard does.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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WebCard has very limited control over the web browser of the host operating system.

It can only command the browser to visit a URL when the user traverses a Web link or executes the Visit URL menu command. But with no precautions the browser would open a new tab for every visit of the same URL.

To reduce clutter I tweaked WebCard to keep track of visited URLs. The URLVisitedP boolean property of a Web card window indicates whether the associated URL was already visited. The function WCD.TraverseWebLink checks URLVisitedP and visits the URL only if the property is NIL, then sets it to T if it does visit the URL. URLVisitedP is a property of the window rather than the card because, as part of the dynamic session state, NoteCards shouldn't save it in notefiles.

The overall behavior of Web cards and URL visits appears as follows.

Traversing the link of a closed Web card unconditionally visits the URL. Once the card is open, traversing the link again flashes the card to call attention to it but doesn't visit the URL. The Visit URL menu command can force the visit though. Closing a card sets URLVisitedP to NIL, so the next time link traversal reopens the card it triggers a visit.

This should take care of the most common cases of unintentional link traversal, reduce tab clutter, and prepare WebCard for actual usage.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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In NoteCards, Text cards are rectangular windows with proportions similar to a post-it note. The Web card type of WebCard inherits from Text, including the default window size. Since a Web card needs only display a URL, the default shape leaves most of the text area blank.

To make Web cards better fit the text area and visually differentiate them from cards of other types I reduced the default height to slighly less than half. The text of a Web card now has enough vertical space for three lines of a wrapped URL. The change makes Web cards closer to badges or tags with a URL as a label than a textual note.

To see the result compare the Web card at the top with the Text card a the bottom:

I made other changes to WebCard, some of which related to the new card shape. First, the WCD.UpdateCardText function now scrolls the card window back to the top to ensure the initial portion of the URL is always in view.

Next, I modified WCD.ValidURLP to check that the lenght of the input URL doesn't exceed 255 characters, the maximum a card property can hold.

Finally, I completed the initialization of Web cards in WCD.MakeWebCard to handle cards that are not immediately displayed upon creation. This is the case of a Web card created via the NoteCards API when the nodisplayflg parameter of NCP.CreateCard is non NIL, instead of interactively by the user. I factored out the code common to displayed and undisplayed cards into the separate function WCD.InitCard.

It took me longer than expected to understand the initialization flow of undisplayed cards. My early attempts produced errors about a missing TEdit window as I unknowingly skipped the initialization of the parent Text type. Calling the parent constructor resolved the issue.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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I fixed a URL validation bug of WebCard I have been stuck with for almost a week.

When creating a new card, the function WCD.AskURL brings up a dialog and loops prompting for a URL to go with the card until the input is valid. After the fix the input dialog looks like this, here shown above a new blank card. I entered https, the dialog warned it's not a valid URL, and then I typed a correct one.

WCD.AskURL initially checked only for a null input. I later wrote WCD.ValidURLP to check that the input resembles a URL.

In an attempt to call WCD.ValidURLP from the WCD.AskURL input loop I bumped into a syntax error in the bind clause of an Interlisp iterative statement. The issue eluded me when staring at the code for long. Then the problem suddenly jumped at me: a missing ← symbol.

The bug is now fixed for good and I can move on.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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The text of WebCard cards is intended to be read only but my previous attempt to achieve it by overriding card editing didn't work. I implemented a new, simpler approach that actually works.

The card type Web inherits from the Text type whose “substance” is a text stream associated with the TEdit editor embedded in Text cards. In NoteCards a substance is a data structure that contains the information in the card.

The trick of the new approach is to just make the text stream of the card read only.

An additional complication is that the read only state is a runtime property of open streams not preserved in saved notefiles. Therefore, if in a new session you load a notefile, any previously read only cards it stores will no longer be so. To catch this WebCard now intercepts the first access to an unopened Web card, which occurs when clicking a link icon to the card. I modified WCD.TraverseWebLink to set the text to read only.

If the user clicks the text area of a Web card and starts typing, a dialog informs that the text is read only. The Close option of the right-click menu dismisses the dialog.

A number of WebCard functions display the URL of a Web card in its text area. Since the code for inserting the text and handling the modification state was scattered and partially duplicated in various places, I factored it out into the new function WCD.UpdateCardText. It sets the card text to read-write, clears the existing text, inserts the new text, and makes the text read only again.

#WebCard #Interlisp #Lisp

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